There are many plans for tumor staging at present. Some are generic (suitable for many types of tumors), while others are specific to some tumors. At present, the commonly used types of stages include the following 10 types:
(1) TNM staging system: recommended by UICC and AJCC.(2) SEER comprehensive staging system: developed by the Epidemiology and long-term outcome Surveillance Program (SEER) of the American Cancer Institute (NCI);(3) FIGO staging system: developed by the International Union of Obstetrics and Gynecology for female reproductive site cancer.(4) Duke staging system: based on the depth of intestinal wall invasion and lymph node involvement, it is used in the staging system of colorectal cancer.(5) Clark staging system: a pathological staging system for cutaneous melanoma based on different depth of skin invasion.(6) Breslow staging system: it is also a pathological staging system for skin melanoma to measure tumor thickness at millimeter level.(7) Jewett/Marshall staging system: the depth of invasion based on the bladder wall is used in the pathological staging system of bladder cancer;(8) American/Whitmore staging system: a pathological staging system for prostate cancer based on tumor degree and location.(9) AnnArbor staging system: a staging system for lymphomas (Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's disease) based on the degree of lymph node and visceral involvement;(10) Smith/Skinner and Jackson staging system: Smith/Skinner staging system is used for testicular cancer staging, Jackson staging system is used for penile cancer staging system.
