Malignant lymphoma is a malignant proliferative disease originating in lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue, which belongs to the categories of "dishonor", "gangrene", "malignant nucleus" and so on. According to the materials of 12 provinces and cities in China, malignant lymphoma is one of the common tumors in China, ranking eighth among malignant tumors.
The cells of lymphohematopoietic tissue are mainly located in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen, and these cells are widely distributed all over the body. In clinic, the first symptom of malignant lymphoma is often enlarged lymph nodes, but it can also occur outside the lymph nodes, even outside the lymphatic hematopoietic system, such as lung, gastrointestinal tract, bone, brain and testis. According to the main cellular components and tissue structure of the tumor, malignant lymphoma can be divided into two categories: Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Hodgkin's disease is a relatively rare malignant tumor of the lymphoid system, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. Most of the patients with Hodgkin's disease are young, mostly aged between 15 and 35 years old, and can also occur in the elderly over 55 years old. The cause of Hodgkin's disease is not known, but some studies have pointed out that it may be related to EB virus infection and immunosuppression.Hodgkin's disease begins in the lymph nodes, which usually occurs in the cervical lymph nodes and then spreads to the lymphatic system throughout the body. In the late stages of the disease, other internal organs can be invaded, including the spleen, liver, lungs and bone marrow. The initial symptoms of Hodgkin's disease are often painless enlarged lymph nodes, sometimes accompanied by fever, night sweats, fatigue, itchy skin or weight loss. These symptoms are not specific to cancer. They can occur in many common diseases, such as colds or other infections. However, if these symptoms persist for more than two weeks, we should be vigilant.Lymph node biopsy is required for the establishment of diagnosis. The lymph nodes invaded by Hodgkin's disease contain the characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells of the disease. Unlike most cancers, most tumors in Hodgkin's disease contain normal lymphocytes, neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils and connective tissue, rather than tumor cells. The Reed-Sternberg cells from the lymphocytic line may be malignant cells of the disease. For experienced pathologists, the diagnosis is usually not difficult, and some suspicious cases can be identified by monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry. Pathologically, Hodgkin's disease can be divided into four subtypes: lymphocyte dominant type, mixed cell type, nodular sclerosis type and oligolymphocytic type. Classification is helpful to evaluate the location and prognosis of the lesions, but does not affect the choice of treatment.
