September 14, 2023
At present, there are many tumor-related markers found by human beings, and there are nearly 100 kinds of tumor-related markers with definite clinical significance. According to the specificity of tumor markers, they can be divided into two categories: one is tumor specific markers (specific-tumor marker), which are specific substances produced by a certain kind of tumor, such as alpha-fetoprotein is a specific marker of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The other is tumor non-specific markers (non-specifictumormarker), which are a kind of substances produced by different types of tumors with similar tissue types. At present, most of the tumor markers used in clinic belong to this category. These markers can also be found in benign tumors and normal tissues, but their levels are significantly higher when tumors occur.
According to the chemical properties of tumor markers, they can be divided into the following seven categories: embryonic antigen tumor markers, mainly including:
1AFP 、 CEA.
2 tumor markers of carbohydrate antigens, mainly including CA19-9, CA125, CA15-3, CA72-4, CA50, CA242.
3 hormone tumor markers, mainly including calcitonin, ACTH, hCG, PTH.
4 receptor tumor markers, including estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor;
5 protein tumor markers, including Cyfra21-1, S100, sCCA, TPA.
6 enzyme tumor markers, mainly including NSE, PSA and AFU.
7 gene tumor markers, including ras gene, Her-2/neu gene and p53 gene.
