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How to diagnose colorectal cancer

August 15, 2023


Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract, mainly adenocarcinoma, which can be divided into three types: proliferative type (mass type), ulcerative type and infiltrative type. X-ray air-barium double contrast radiography is one of the main preferred methods.

X-ray examination: early colon cancer means that the diameter of the focus is less than 3cm and is confined to the submucosa. Radiography showed quasi-round filling defect, broken and irregular intestinal parietal line. The manifestations of advanced colon cancer were irregular filling defect in the lumen, interruption of mucous membrane and irregular niches on the surface of the mass. The colon bag disappeared and the wall of the tube was stiff. Soft tissue mass can be seen in air-barium phase. Ulcer type: large irregular niches in the cavity, irregular edges, sharp corners, interruption of mucous membrane, rigidity of intestinal wall and disappearance of colon. Infiltrative type: the intestinal canal of the diseased part is narrow, often partial to one side, the intestinal wall is stiff, irregular nodular shadow can be seen on the mucous membrane, the severe lesion invades the whole week, and the lumen is obviously narrow, causing intestinal obstruction.


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CT has a certain value in the diagnosis of colon cancer. The main signs of CT were localized thickening of intestinal wall, intraluminal mass and local stenosis of intestinal cavity. Abnormal enhancement of the diseased intestine and tumor focus could be seen on contrast-enhanced scan. The enhanced scan of water enema can show the morphological characteristics of the lesions more clearly. The value of CT examination is to find the small and hidden lesions of the colon and rectum, to determine the degree and extent of intestinal thickening in the cancer, to show the relationship between the cancer and the surrounding organs, and whether there is local invasion and lymph node metastasis. CT is of great value in the staging diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Accurate staging is of great significance in determining the treatment plan and judging the prognosis of colorectal cancer. It is of great value in judging the recurrence of colorectal cancer, especially in postoperative recurrence of colorectal cancer.

The application of MRI in the examination of rectal cancer is more valuable. The application of rectal surface coil can show the structure of various layers of intestinal wall and detect early cancer and tumor recurrence. Especially for the lesions after Mile's operation, it is of special value to observe whether there is recurrence in the anastomotic site and anterior sacrum. MRI has an advantage in differentiating recurrence from scar.

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